According to estimates, three out of four adults could experience hemorrhoid symptoms at some point in their lives. Home remedies and lifestyle changes are often enough to keep them at bay. However, if you're dealing with hemorrhoids that don't respond to conservative treatments, it might be time to explore your surgical options.

This guide will discuss the basics of the disease and everything you need to know about hemorrhoid surgery, from preparation to recovery.

Types of Hemorrhoids and When Surgery Becomes Necessary

Hemorrhoids occur when the veins in your anal canal get swollen. Everyone has anal cushions as part of their normal anatomy, but when the blood vessels in them become enlarged and inflamed, they can cause significant discomfort.

Internal Hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids develop above the dentate line in your lower rectum and are classified by the degrees of prolapse. When internal hemorrhoids become prolapsed hemorrhoids or push through the anal opening, they often require more aggressive treatment.

External Hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids form below the dentate line and can be particularly painful, especially when they develop blood clots, becoming thrombosed external hemorrhoids. These often appear as painful lumps around the anal area and may require immediate attention.

A 2021 study cited that the worldwide prevalence of hemorrhoids is approximately 4.4%, with varying levels in different countries. Australia, Israel, and Korea were among the countries with the highest rates in recent years.

Different types of hemorrhoids require different approaches to treatment. Your doctor will typically recommend surgery only after nonsurgical treatment options have been exhausted.

Surgical Options: From Traditional to Modern Approaches

Modern surgical procedures for hemorrhoid treatment, or piles surgery, range from minimally invasive procedures to traditional surgery.

Minimally Invasive Procedures

Rubber band ligation: A small rubber band is placed around internal hemorrhoids to cut off blood supply

Infrared coagulation: Uses infrared light to reduce hemorrhoidal tissue

Hemorrhoidal or haemorrhoidal artery ligation: Targets blood flow to shrink hemorrhoids

Stapled hemorrhoidopexy: Uses a special stapling device to reposition hemorrhoidal tissue

Traditional Surgical Approaches

A traditional hemorrhoidectomy might be necessary for severe cases, particularly for large external hemorrhoids or significantly prolapsed internal hemorrhoids. This procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia or spinal block and provides long-lasting results.

Choosing the right surgical approach is critical for treating your current symptoms, preventing recurrence, and ensuring long-term comfort. Minimally invasive procedures sound appealing, but traditional surgery is more cost-effective and provides better long-term results for severe cases. Seek help from a hemorrhoids specialist Singapore patients trust or a local colorectal surgeon to recommend the most appropriate option for your condition.

Preparing for Your Surgery

Proper preparation can significantly impact your surgical outcome and recovery. Your doctor will provide specific instructions, but here are general guidelines to follow:

- Start a high-fiber diet several days before surgery to make bowel movements easier

- Discuss any medications you're taking with your doctor

- Arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure

- Follow fasting instructions if you're receiving general anaesthetic

- Complete any required pre-operative testing

Consider starting a journal to track your diet, hydration, and symptoms during this preparation period. This information can be invaluable for both your surgical team and your post-operative care.

What to Expect During Recovery

Recovery from hemorrhoid surgery varies depending on the procedure type, but understanding what to expect can help you prepare appropriately.

Immediate Post-Surgery Period

Your hospital stay may be brief or overnight, depending on the procedure. Mild pain around the surgical site is common, so your doctor will prescribe appropriate pain management medications and stool softeners to prevent constipation.

Home Recovery Guidelines

The first few weeks after surgery are critical for proper healing and preventing complications. These recovery guidelines will speed up your healing process and help you avoid common pitfalls that could compromise your surgical results.

- Keep the anal area clean, especially after bowel movements

- Replace toilet paper with gentle wipes or water-cleaning

- Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities

- Follow wound care instructions if your wound is open

- Take prescribed medications as directed

- Perform manual reduction of hemorrhoids if instructed

- Watch for bright red blood or other complications

Creating a daily checklist and setting reminders for medications and wound care can help you stay on track. It ensures you don't miss any important aspects of your recovery journey.

When to Seek Additional Help

While some discomfort during recovery is normal, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Contact your doctor if you experience:

- Severe pain that isn't relieved by prescribed medications

- Excessive bleeding or blood clots

- Difficulty with urination

- Fever or signs of infection

- Inability to have a bowel movement despite using stool softeners

Being overly cautious during your recovery period is better than ignoring potential complications that could lead to more serious issues. Creating an emergency contact card with your doctor's information, nearest emergency room location, and a list of your current medications can help you act quickly and effectively if complications arise.

Long-Term Success and Prevention

Preventing recurrence is just as important as treating the initial problem. Making lifestyle changes and addressing risk factors can help maintain long-term results.

- Maintain a fiber diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

- Stay well-hydrated throughout the day

- Exercise regularly to promote healthy blood flow

- Avoid straining during bowel movements

- Address chronic constipation through dietary modifications

- Don't ignore the urge for a bowel movement

- Consider over-the-counter medicines for occasional symptoms

Understanding that hemorrhoid surgery is just one part of your overall digestive health journey is crucial for maintaining lasting results. Consider working with a nutritionist to develop a personalized diet plan that not only prevents hemorrhoid recurrence but also improves your overall gut health, as the two are intimately connected.

Final Thoughts

Hemorrhoid surgery might seem daunting. But with modern surgical procedures, proper care, and lifestyle changes, you can expect significant improvement in your quality of life. Working closely with your healthcare provider and following recovery guidelines will help ensure the best possible outcome. Don't let hemorrhoidal disease control your life. With proper treatment and prevention strategies, you can return to your normal activities with confidence.