Israel is stepping up preparations for a potential all-out war with Hezbollah, as the risk of a devastating new phase in the country’s conflict with Iran and its proxy militias grows more acute.

Israeli forces have been exchanging cross-border fire with the Lebanon-based group almost daily since the start of the campaign against Hamas in October, and is now putting in place measures that would enable an escalation of hostilities — if required. Those include additional military exercises for ground, naval and aerial forces in the north of the country, according to the Israel Defense Forces.

Local leaders in the area have been briefed “on the processes to accelerate readiness for continued fighting,” the IDF said in a statement. Additional storage facilities are being installed to enable a quick and broad mobilization of IDF troops to the front line, the armed forces said.

Israel said it struck about 40 sites linked to Hezbollah in southern Lebanon on Wednesday, an escalation of hostilities after the militant group staged its deepest attack inside Israel the previous day. Tensions between the two have been high since Israel invaded Gaza to try and eradicate Hamas — which like Hezbollah is an Iran-backed group considered a terrorist organization by the U.S. — but appear to have intensified since Israel and Iran began attacking each other directly earlier this month.

Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah said April 8 he was “working night and day to serve this resistance” after a deadly attack on Iran’s diplomatic compound in Syria a week earlier, which the Islamic Republic blamed on Israel.

Tens of thousands of civilians have been evacuated from settlements on both sides of the Lebanese border. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said pushing Hezbollah out of southern Lebanon is a national goal. A United Nations security council resolution put in place after the two sides fought a war in 2006 called for Hezbollah forces to respect a no-go zone close to Israel’s border.

This will be achieved using diplomacy or military force, Netanyahu has said on several occasions.

Dangerous play

An Israeli escalation of fighting with Hezbollah would be fraught with danger. The group is considered the most powerful militia in the Middle East, and is believed to possess some 150,000 missiles and rockets — some with a long enough range to reach almost anywhere in Israel — according to a senior Israeli official.

Israel has been targeted by about 17,000 rockets, missiles and artillery shells since Oct. 7 — the date Hamas militants invaded the country and killed about 1,200 people — with some two thirds making it across the border. About 3,000 were fired from Lebanon and the rest from Gaza, with a total of 27 fatalities. Around 350 people have been killed by Israeli strikes on Lebanon, most of them Hezbollah fighters.

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