In the five years since two Boeing 737 Max crashes left hundreds grieving around the globe, the families who lost loved ones have been quietly fighting a legal battle against the airplane manufacturer.

Both crashes — killing 189 people in Indonesia in October 2018 and 157 people in Ethiopia four months later — were caused by flawed flight control software on the then-new jet. Of the hundreds of lawsuits filed against Boeing, all but 41 have since settled as Boeing attempted to move past the disaster that left its reputation tarnished and its balance sheet in tatters.

While Boeing has publicly defended its quality control processes and commitment to safety in the wake of the deadly Max crashes, its attorneys worked behind closed doors to settle with the families of those who died.

The remaining cases are playing out as Boeing once again finds itself facing a series of lawsuits from passengers who blame the company for a safety incident involving its Max planes, a near-disaster that reinvigorated scrutiny of Boeing that had waned in the years since the tragedies in Jakarta and Addis Ababa.

In January, a panel blew off the fuselage of a Boeing 737 Max 9 on an Alaska Airlines flight out of Portland. In the months since then, dozens of passengers sued the manufacturer and the airline, alleging both companies failed to ensure the aircraft was safe. Attorneys representing those passengers, many of whom also represent victims’ families from the Max crashes, say they expect more lawsuits to come.

As the legal proceedings continue, it will become clearer whether Boeing can resolve these cases quietly or if, instead, it will face a public reckoning in court.

Boeing contends it has taken steps to improve quality control, increase inspections at its assembly plants and encourage employees to raise safety concerns. In response to one of the first lawsuits filed after the January incident, Boeing asked the court to drop the claims against it. Attorneys for the company wrote in court records that the plaintiffs failed to state a claim against Boeing and pointed the blame at other entities that “supplied parts, components or systems” for the plane.

Boeing said it has worked over the past five years to reach settlements with the families who lost loved ones in the Max crashes. Two years after the March 2019 crash in Ethiopia, the company accepted responsibility for liability in a legal stipulation with the families involved.

“We are deeply sorry to all who lost loved ones on Lion Air Flight 610 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302. We made an upfront commitment to fully and fairly compensate every family who suffered a loss,” a spokesperson for Boeing said in a statement to The Seattle Times.

“Over the past several years, we have kept our commitment as we settled a significant majority of claims, and we look forward to constructively resolving the remaining cases to ensure that the families are fully and fairly compensated,” the spokesperson continued.

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